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Friday, August 26, 2011

SU - 35 BM

Sukhoi Su-35 (kode NATO: Flanker-E) adalah pesawat tempur multiperan, kelas berat, berjelajah panjang, dan bertempat duduk tunggal asal Rusia. Pesawat ini dikembangkan dari Su-27, dan awalnya diberi nama Su-27M.[6] Pesawat ini dikembangkan untuk menandingi F-15 Eagle dan F-16 Fighting Falcon. Karena kesamaan fitur dan komponen yang dikandungnya, Su-35 dianggap sebagai sepupu dekat Sukhoi Su-30MKI, sebuah varian Su-30 yang diproduksi untuk India.[7]
Pesawat ini sendiri merupakan seri flanker terakhir dan merupakan pengisi kekosongan generasi antara generasi 4 dan generasi 5, bisa dimasukkan dalam generasi 4++.[8]
Su-35 perdana kemudian dikembangkan lagi menjadi Su-35BM, yang memasuki deretan produksi sebagai Su-35S.[9] Angkatan Udara Rusia saat ini mengoperasikan 12 pesawat tempur Su-35 sejak tahun 2008.[2]

Su-35
Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-35 Belyakov.jpg
Sebuah Su-35S milik Angkatan Udara Rusia memeragakan demonstrasi pada Pameran Dirgantara MAKS 2009.
 Tipe Pesawat tempur multi-peran
 Produsen Sukhoi
 Perancang Mikhail Simonov
 Terbang perdana Su-27M/35: Mei 1988
Su-35S: 19 Februari 2008
 Status Sedang diproduksi
 Pengguna Angkatan Udara Rusia
Angkatan Udara Venezuela
 Jumlah produksi Su-27M/35: 15[1]
Su-35"BM" (sejak 2005): 3[2]
 Harga satuan Ditaksir sebesar US$45 juta[3] sampai $65 juta[4][5]
 Acuan dasar Sukhoi Su-27
 Varian Sukhoi Su-37

Su-27M/Su-35

Sukhoi Su-35 adalah versi perbaikan dari Sukhoi Su-27, dan pada mulanya didesain sebagai Su-27M. Pengembangan Su-27M bermula pada awal dasawarsa 1980-an.[10] Sebuah purwarupa Su-27M (T-10S-70) pertama diluncurkan pada tahun 1988. Perubahan dari Su-27 di antaranya kanard, mesin yang dinaikkan kualitasnya, radar baru, dan sistem kendali fly by wire digital.[11] Perubahan lainnya di antaranya kokpit kaca, probe pengisian bahan bakar di udara, gir moncong roda-kembar, radar yang lebih canggih, dua penyangga tambahan di bawah sayap, kapasitas bahan bakar yang lebih besar, dan sirip ekor yang lebih lebar dengan ujung serat karbon horizontal.[12]
Sebuah pesawat aerobatik Su-35 milik Rusia, dikerumuni oleh Pasukan Pangkalan Udara Rusia.
Purwarupa pertama dipamerkan pada tahun 1992 di Pameran Dirgantara Farnborough.[13] Sukhoi mengubah desainnya untuk pesawat tempur dari Su-27M hingga Su-35 pada tahun 1993.[10] Sepuluh purwarupa Su-35 dibuat, empat di antaranya adalah ubahan Su-27 enam lainnya adalah sama sekali baru.[14] Tiga produksi Su-27M selesai dilakukan pada tahun 1996 dan diserahkan kepada Angkatan Udara Rusia (VVS) pada tahun itu juga untuk diujicoba.[15] Lima Su-35 digunakan oleh Tim Aerobatik Rusia. Secara keseluruhan 15 pesawat Su-35 (Su-27M) yang laik terbang telah diproduksi, termasuk di antaranya sebuah purwarupa Su-35UB dengan dua tempat duduk.[1] Dua dari Su-35 dimodifikasi menjadi Su-37 pada pertengahan akhir dasawarsa 1990-an.[16] Su-35 dijuluki dengan sebutan "Super Flanker".[1]
Pendaratan Su-35UB
Meskipun purwarupa asli Su-27M/Su-35 tidak pernah memasuki deretan produksi, ada banyak perbaikan yang diajukan yang disertakan ke dalam varian ekspor Su-27, misalnya Sukhoi Su-30MKI. Tetapi, Angkatan Udara Rusia tidak menerima varian yang lebih maju dan tetap menggunakan armada Su-27 yang diterima pada masa Soviet dulu, dengan sedikit tambahan Su-30.

Modernisasi

Pada pertengahan dasawarsa 2000-an, Sukhoi menghidupkan kembali konsep Su-35 dan mulai memodernisasinya dengan teknologi terbaru,[17][18][19] dengan peninjauan untuk mengganti barisan pesawat tempur Su-27 yang relatif tua di dalam Angkatan Udara Rusia. Su-35 yang dimodernisasi akan menjadi desain antara hingga Sukhoi PAK FA generasi kelima dapat digunakan.[17] Su-35 yang dimodernisasi disebut "Su-35BM" (Bolshaya Modernizatsiya - Modernisasi Besar) oleh beberapa sumber,[9][20] tetapi Sukhoi menyebut pesawat ini hanya sebagai "Su-35".[17] Su-35 yang dimodernisasi ini dianggap sebagai generasi 4++ oleh Sukhoi.[17]
Su-35BM pada MAKS-2009
Su-35 yang dimodernisasi telah dipertunjukkan pada pameran dirgantara MAKS-2007 pada bulan Agustus 2007. Fitur-fitur baru pesawat ini di antaranya badan pesawat yang diperkuat menggunakan bahan-bahan komposit, penanda radar yang diperkecil dari depan,[17] dan sebuah radar PESA yang diperbarui. Pesawat ini diperlengkapi oleh banyak perbaruan pada sistem kelistrikan dan avioniknya, termasuk fly-by-wire digital dan sebuah radar untuk mendeteksi sinyal dari belakang untuk menembakkan peluru kendali SARH. Su-35 yang baru tidak lagi memasang kanard dan rem udara; untuk menjaga kemampuan manuver supaya tetap sama atau lebih besar daripada pesawat-pesawat yang diperlengkapi kanard, Su-35 menggunakan mesin 117S yang baru dengan pipa-pipa vektor pendorong yang selalu berputar.[21][22]
Versi Su-35 baru terbang perdana pada 19 Februari 2008.[17] Pada 18 Agustus 2009, Kementerian Pertahanan Rusia mengumumkan sebuah kontrak untuk pengadaan 48 pesawat tempur Su-35S (Serial) bersama-sama dengan 16 pesawat tempur Su-27/30 untuk dikirimkan pada tahun 2015.[23][24]
Pada September 2010 Sberbank bersetuju untuk menyediakan pendanaan program Su-35.[25] Pada 14 Oktober 2010, perusahaan Sukhoi mengumumkan bahwa produksi pertama Su-35S telah merampungkan perakitan umum dan bahwa pesawat-pesawat pertama akan dikirimkan kepada Kementerian Pertahanan Rusia pada akhir tahun itu.[


Karakteristik umum

  • Kru: 1
  • Panjang: 21,9 m
  • Lebar sayap: 15,3 m
  • Tinggi: 5,90 m
  • Luas sayap: 62,0 m²
  • Berat kosong: 18.400 kg[48]
  • Berat terisi: 25.300 kg
  • Berat maksimum lepas landas: 34.500 kg
  • Mesin: 2× Saturn 117S dengan turbofan TVC
    • Dorongan kering: 8.800 kgf[49] (86,3 kN) masing-masing
    • Dorongan dengan afterburner: 14.500 kgf masing-masing

[Kinerja

  • Kecepatan maksimum: Mach 2,25[43] (2.390 km/h,[46]) pada ketinggian
  • Jarak jangkau: 3.600 km ; (1.580 km di atas daratan)
  • Jarak jangkau feri: 4.500 km dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan
  • Batas tertinggi terbang: 18.000 m
  • Laju panjat: >280 m/s
  • Beban sayap: 408 kg/m²
  • Dorongan/berat: 1,1

Persenjataan

  • 1 × 30 mm kanon internal Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 dengan 150 putaran
  • 2 × rel ujung sayap untuk peluru kendali udara ke udara R-73 (AA-11 "Archer") atau poda ECM
  • 12 × stasiun rangka dan sayap untuk sampai 8.000 kg artileri, termasuk peluru kendali udara ke udara, peluru kendali udara ke darat, roket, dan bom seperti:
  • Vympel R-27: R-27R, R-27ER, R-27T, R-27ET, R-27EP, R-27AE
  • Vympel R-77: R-77, dan R-77M1, R-77T yang diajukan
  • Vympel R-73: R-73E, R-73M, R-74M
  • Kh-31: Kh-31A, Kh-31P (Peluru kendali anti-radiasi)
  • Kh-35: Kh-59
  • Kh-29: Kh-29T, Kh-29L
  • Bom terpandu laser KAB-500
  • Bom terpandu laser KAB-1500
  • Bom terpandu laser LGB-250
  • 250 kg bom tak-terpandu FAB-250
  • 500 kg bom tak-terpandu FAB-500
  • Roket terpandu laser S-25, roket tak-terpandu S-250
  • Poda roket tak-terpandu S-8
  • Poda roket tak-terpandu S-13

Avionik

  • Irbis-E PESA

Varian

Su-27M/Su-35 
Pesawat tempur dengan satu tempat duduk.
Su-35UB 
Pesawat tempur dan pesawat latih dengan dua tempat duduk.[41] Berfiturkan penstabil vertikal yang lebih tinggi dan sebuah fuselage tambahan yang sama dengan Sukhoi Su-30.
Su-35BM 
Pesawat tempur bertempat duduk tunggal dengan avionik yang diperbarui dan aneka modifikasi badan pesawat. Su-35BM adalah nama tak-resmi.[23][24]
Su-35S 
Su-35BM versi domestik Rusia.[23][24]
Su-35K 
Su-35BM versi ekspor.
 

Operator

 Rusia
  • Angkatan Udara Rusia memesan 48 pesawat tempur Su-35S.[23]
 Venezuela
  • Angkatan Udara Venezuela memesan 24 pesawat tempur Su-35. 
 

 sumber : WIKIPEDIA


Enam Mil Mi-17 perkuat TNI-AD


Jumat, 26 Agustus 2011 11:51 WIB | 1053 Views
MI-17 TNI AD (ANTARANEWS/Ardika)
... juga bisa digunakan sebagai helikopter serbu dan angkut pasukan pada jumlah tertentu misalnya dalam rangka pengamanan perbatasan...
Tangerang (ANTARA News) - Apron Skuadron Udara 21 Pusat Penerbangan TNI-AD di Pondok Cabe menjadi saksi peristiwa penting bagi militer Indonesia. Enam unit helikopter Mi-17 V5 Hip buatan Rusia resmi memperkuat sayap udara matra darat TNI.

Penyerahan secara resmi keenam unit helikopter angkut multi peran itu disaksikan Menteri Pertahanan, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Panglima TNI, Laksamana TNI Agus Suhartono, dan Kepala Staf TNI-AD, Jenderal TNI Pramono Wibowo, dan Duta Besar Rusia untuk Indonesia, Alexander Ivanov.

Pemilihan Mil Mi-17 Hip buatan Kazan, Rusia, melalui perusahaan negara Rusia, Rosoboronexport, itu dilandasi hakekat berbagai operasi yang dilakoni militer Indonesia. Itu adalah operasi militer perang dan operasi militer selain perang. Di Rusia, Mi-17 juga dikenal dengan nama Mi-8 dan diberi nama panggilan Hip oleh NATO.

Geografi Indonesia terdiri atas sekitar 17 ribu pulau, kata Yusgiantoro, sangat memerlukan dukungan moda transportasi; termasuk transportasi militer untuk menjangkau daerah-daerah yang tersebar itu, terutama daerah yang tidak bisa didarati pesawat besar maupun sedang.

"Beragam ancaman non tradisional kini makin tersebar pula. Mulai dari terorisme sampai separatisme yang memerlukan penanganan berupa pengerahan pasukan ke wilayah sasaran dengan cepat," katanya.

Dengan potensi bencana alam yang tidak kurang serius, katanya, eksistensi helikopter berdaya angkut 35 tentara infantri bersenjata lengkap itu juga bisa dialihkan ke dalam misi kemanusiaan, mulai dari pemetaan area bencana hingga evakuasi bahan bantuan hingga manusia dan peralatan yang diperlukan.

Dari sisi kemampuan angkut personel, "kelas" Mi-17 yang juga dikembangkan menjadi Mi-19 untuk komando penyerbuan pasukan, bisa disandingkan dengan Sikorsky CH-53D Sea Stallion. Namun harganya sangat jauh berbeda, dengan perkiraan harga pasaran Mi-17 pada 2010 ada pada kisaran 11 juta dolar Amerika Serikat per unit.

Tercatat Mi-17 ini telah beberapa kali mendarat dan lepas landas dari Bandar Udara Haliwen, Atambua, di NTT. Bandar udara perintis ini hanya belasan kilometer dari garis perbatasan Indonesia dengan Timor Leste (dalam bahasa Indonesia, Timor Timur).

"Jadi, dengan adanya helikopter ini sangat bermanfaat sekali," kata Yusgiantoro.

Dari sisi militer, Suhartono menyatakan, helikopter kelas menengah berat itu bisa digunakan pula untuk pengamanan perbatasan, baik untuk pemantauan, maupun pengerahan pasukan dan logistiknya.

"Helikopter ini juga bisa digunakan sebagai helikopter serbu dan angkut pasukan pada jumlah tertentu misalnya dalam rangka pengamanan perbatasan," katanya.

TNI-AD sendiri memiliki visi yang telah diamini pemeirntah, bahwa kekuatan yang diperlukan Pusat Penerbangan TNI-AD untuk Mi-17 itu adalah 18 unit. "Kami mentargetkan 18 unit Mi-17 yang bermarkas di Skuadron 31 Heli Serbu sehingga satu batalyon pasukan dapat diangkut dalam waktu bersamaan," tuturnya.

Dasar perhitungannya adalah, helikopter legendaris buatan Amerika Serikat, Bell (Bell-205 dan Bell-402) yang dimiliki TNI-AD kurang mumpuni untuk kepentingan penggelaran pasukan infantri ke garis depan palagan. Seluruh Bell itu, diketahui hanya mampu mengangkut maksimal 1/3 kekuatan satu batalion infantri.

"Jadi helikopter ini sangat efektif apalagi TNI Angkatan Darat lebih banyak gelaran kekuatan di daerah perbatasan, daratan dan pegunungan," ujar Pramono.

Ivanov yang produk peralatan perang negaranya sejak beberapa tahun lalu dibeli Indonesia jelas sangat senang dengan penyerahterimaan Mi-17 itu. Mekanisme pembelian seluruh Mil, baik Mi-17 ataupun Mi-35P di tubuh Pusat Penerbangan TNI-AD memakai pinjaman negara Rusia kepada Indonesia.

"Besarannya 56 juta dolar AS dengan persyaratan yang sangat ringan dan menguntungkan Indonesia mengingat Indonesia merupakan mitra yang baik," katanya.  (R018)


Sumber : ANTARA

Thursday, August 25, 2011

Jual Kapal Selam, Menhan Korsel ke Indonesia


Selain kapal selam, Indonesia tertarik membeli pesawat jet latih buatan Korea Selatan

Jum'at, 26 Agustus 2011, 08:26 WIB
Renne R.A Kawilarang

Ilustrasi Kapal Selam (wordpress.com)

VIVAnews - Menteri Pertahanan Korea Selatan, Kim Kwan-jin, akan berkunjung ke Indonesia awal September mendatang. Kim di Jakarta akan membicarakan rencana penjualan kapal selam buatan Korsel ke Indonesia, dengan nilai kontrak US$1 miliar.

Pengumuman kunjungan Kim itu disampaikan pejabat Korsel kepada kantor berita Yonhap, 26 Agustus. Lawatan Kim selama tiga hari itu akan dimulai pada 7 September mendatang.

Dia akan bertemu dengan koleganya, Menteri Pertahanan Purnomo Yusgiantoro. Mengamankan kontrak penjualan kapal selam bermesin disel ke Indonesia merupakan salah satu misi utama Kim ke negeri ini. Korsel tertarik atas upaya Indonesia untuk memodernisasi kekuatan maritim.

Menurut sumber anonim di kalangan militer Korsel, pengadaan kapal selam untuk Indonesia itu akan melibatkan perusahaan Korea. "Dalam kunjungan itu, ada kemungkinan bahwa Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine akan dipilih untuk menjadi calon penawar bagi program pengadaan kapal selam Indonesia," ujar sumber itu kepada Yonhap.

Dalam kunjungan ke Indonesia, Kim akan didampingi oleh para eksekutif dari sembilan kontraktor pertahanan Korea, termasuk Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine. Selain kapal selam, Indonesia juga tertarik membeli produk lain buatan Korsel.

Pada April lalu, Indonesia memilih Korsel sebagai calon mitra proyek pengadaan pesawat jet latih. Kedua pemerintah masih bernegosiasi untuk menentukan harga. Bila sepakat, Korsel juga akan mengekspor pesawat jet latih T-50 Golden Eagle untuk kali pertama ke luar negeri.  (eh)

VIVA NEWS

Republic of Singapore Air Force


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Republic of Singapore Air Force
Republic of Singapore Air Force Service Flag.svg
RSAF Service Flag
Founded 1 April 1973
Country Singapore
Branch Air force
Role Air supremacy / defence
Size 13,500 personnel
422 aircraft
Part of Singapore Armed Forces
Engagements Operation Iraqi Freedom,
Operation Enduring Freedom (as part of NATO-led ISAF)
Commanders
Chief of Air Force Major General Ng Chee Meng
Insignia
RSAF crest RSAF Logo.jpg
RSAF roundel - 3rd Generation (1990–present) RSAF Roundel (1990–present).svg
RSAF low visibility roundel RSAF Roundel (1990–present, low visibility).svg
Aircraft flown
Attack F-15SG, AH-64D
Fighter F-16C/D
Interceptor F-5S/T
Patrol E-2C, G550 AEW&C, Fokker 50 ME2
Reconnaissance RF-5S
Trainer S211, PC-21, TA-4SU, EC120
Transport KC-130B & C-130H, Fokker 50 UTL, KC-135R, CH-47SD, Super Puma
The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay: Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் ஆகாயப்படை) is the air arm of the Singapore Armed Forces. It was first established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). In 1975, it was renamed as the Republic of Singapore Air Force.[1]

Contents

[hide]

Mission statement

The following excerpts was taken from the official website of the Republic of Singapore Air Force[2]: -
The RSAF is a First Class Air Force, always ready to deter aggression and defend Singapore and its interests. We will respond decisively to the full spectrum of missions from peace to war as part of an integrated SAF. We will be superior in the air and decisively influence the ground and maritime battles. The RSAF is founded on the core values of competencies of its World Class People. We Are committed to the nation, the SAF, the RSAF and to one another. Together, we will overcome adversity with courage and fortitude. Above all, our people are the heart of our organisation.

History

In January 1968, the British announced the imminent withdrawal of all their troops east of Suez by the end of 1971. Prior to then, Singapore had depended completely on Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) for its air defence, while the newly established Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) had concentrated its efforts mainly on building up the Singapore Army.
The predecessor to the RSAF, the SADC, was formed in September 1968. The SADC’s immediate task was to set up the Flying Training School to train pilots. Qualified flying instructors were obtained through Airwork Services Limited, a UK-based company specializing in defence services. Basic training for pilots was carried out using two Cessna light aircraft hired from the Singapore Flying Club. The SADC also enlisted the help of the Royal Air Force which introduced the first flying training syllabus and provided two ex-RAF pilots as instructors, as well as facilities and services at Seletar Airport. Finally, the first batch of six pilot trainees were sent to the United Kingdom in August 1968 to undergo training in various technical disciplines. The training was based on the Hawker Hunter, the SADC’s first air defence fighter. The following month, another pioneer group of technicians, this time from the rotary wing, were sent to France to begin their technical training on the Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter. In 1969, a number of local RAF technicians were released to join the fledging SADC. These local technicians (local other ranks) had experience working on fixed-wing RAF aircraft such as the Hawker Hunter, Gloster Javelin, English Electric Canberra, English Electric Lightning and Avro Shackleton;[3] as well as rotary-wing RAF aircraft such as the Bristol Belvedere, Westland Wessex and Westland Whirlwind.[3] It was also noted that the Israeli Defence Force Team assisted with the creation of the SADC.[citation needed]
1968-1973: 1st generation RAF styled roundel (similar to Peruvian and Turkish Air Force roundels)
1973-1990: 2nd generation ying-yang styled roundel

Comparison of older RSAF roundels
Eight Cessna 172-K aircraft – the SADC’s first – arrived in May 1969 to be used for basic pilot training.[4] By December, the first batch of students completed the course. Of these, six were sent to the UK to receive further training. On their return to Singapore in 1970, they were ready to operate the then newly-acquired Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft.
The pace of training pilots and ground crew picked up gradually. On 1 August 1969, Minister for the Interior and Defence, Lim Kim San, inaugurated the Flying Training School (FTS) at Tengah Air Base (then known as RAF Tengah). The inauguration of FTS brought SADC closer to its goal of fulfilling the heavy responsibility of defending Singapore's airspace.
The subsequent arrival of the BAC Strikemasters in 1969, used for advanced phase flying training, meant that pilot trainees were now able to earn their initial wings locally rather than overseas. The first batch of locally trained fighter pilots were trained at the FTS and graduated in November 1970. Amongst this batch was 2LT Goh Yong Siang, who later rose to the appointment of Chief of Air Force on 1 July 1995. Gradually, the SADC had its own pilots, flying instructors, air traffic controllers, and ground crew.
When Britain brought forward its plan to withdraw its forces by September 1971, the SADC was suddenly entrusted with a huge responsibility and resources. Britain’s former air bases – Tengah, Seletar, Sembawang and Changi – were handed over to the SADC, as well as its air defence radar station and Bloodhound II surface-to-air missiles.
In 1973, the SADC procured Shorts Skyvan search-and-locate aircraft and Douglas A-4 Skyhawk fighter-bombers. With a reliable mix of fighters, fighter-bombers, helicopters and transport aircraft, the SADC was ready to assume the functions of a full-fledged air force. On 1 April 1975, the SADC was renamed the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF).[1]
One of its first commanders was LTC Ee Tean Chye.[5][6]

[edit] Organisation

The RSAF is led by the Chief of the Air Force (CAF). The current CAF is Major General Ng Chee Meng.[7] The CAF reports directly to the Chief of Defence Force and is assisted by the Chief of Staff (Air Staff), BG Wong Huat Sern.[8] The Chief Warrant Officer of Air Force is ME5 Andrew Koh.[9] The Air Staff comprises six functional departments: Air Manpower, Air Intelligence, Air Operations, Air Logistics, Air Plans and Air Training. There are also two specialist departments: the Air Force Inspectorate (AFI) and the Office of the Chief Air Force Medical Officer (CAMO).[8]
The organisation chart below shows the administrative chain of command with seven formations: Tengah Air Base, Paya Lebar Air Base, Changi Air Base (West), Changi Air Base (East), Sembawang Air Base, Air Defence Systems Division (ADSD) and the Tactical Air Support Command (TASC).[10]
RSAF Org Chart.png
In 5 January 2007, Defence minister Teo Chee Hean announced that the Air Force organisation chart will be re-structured into five major commands, namely the Air Defence Operations Command (ADOC), the Air Combat Command (ACC), the Participation Command (PC), the Air Power Generation Command (APGC) and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Command (UC). The first to be inaugurated was ADOC, along the restructuring announcement.

Air Combat Command

Air Defence And Operations Command

Air Power Generation Command

Participation Command

UAV Command

The five major commands of RSAF
ADOC is the principal agency in charge of planning and executing peacetime operations and air defence. ADOC is also responsible for the development and operational readiness of the command and control and ground-based air defence units of the RSAF. ADOC has 4 groups are its command. There are Operations Planning and Development Group (OPDG), formerly under Air Operations Department, Air Force Operations Group (AFOG), National Air Defence Group (ADG), Divisional Air Defence Group (DAG).
UAV Command was the second command to be inaugurated and become operational in May 2007.[11] The main structures under UC are Operations & System Development Group (OSDG), headed by the Deputy Commander of UC and Squadrons and UAV Training School (UTS).
The next command to be inaugurated was PC in January 2008. Participation Command comprises the Operations Development Group (ODG), the Helicopter Group (HeliG), the Tactical Air Support Group (TASG), and the Divisional Air Defence Group (DAG).[12]
The last two commands, ACC and APGC, were inaugurated together in August 2008 in conjunction with the RSAF 40th Anniversary. The ACC will bring together fighter and transport squadrons under one command, with central planning, control and execution of the air battle in operations. The APGC will enhance the missions of the ACC by ensuring that all air bases remain operational at all times, as well as improving the servicing and turn-around of aircraft to ensure continuous and responsive operations.
The ACC is responsible for the planning, control and execution of the air battle in operations. It brings together all fighter and transport squadrons that will carry out these tasks under a single command which will be responsible for training the pilots and aircrew to think and operate in a fully integrated way. The ACC consists of the Integrated System Development Group (ISDG), Operations Development Group (ODG), Integrated System Development Group (ISDG), Fighter Group (FG) and Transport Group (TG).
The APGC is set up to enable the RSAF to generate and sustain effective, timely and robust air power to meet the operational needs of the SAF. With the APGC, higher operational efficiency within each RSAF Air Base, and secondly, greater integration across the four bases are achieved. The APGC consists of the Operations Development Group (ODG) and four air bases: Changi Air Base, Paya Lebar Air Base, Sembawang Air Base and Tengah Air Base. The four support squadrons still remain organic to each Base but are under direct command of APGC. These four squadrons are: Airfield Maintainece Squadron (AMS), Ground Logistics Squadron (GLS), Field Defence Squadron (FDS) and Flying Support Squadron (FSS).

[edit] Overview

Republic of Singapore Air Force
Republic of Singapore Air Force Service Flag.svg

Squadrons
List of RSAF Squadrons
Aircraft
List of RSAF aircraft
Bases
Changi Air Base (East, West)
Paya Lebar Air Base
Sembawang Air Base
Tengah Air Base
Personnel

Singapore Armed Forces ranks
The backbone of the RSAF is formed by the Block 52/52+ F-16 Fighting Falcons. These are armed with US-supplied AIM-120C AMRAAM missiles and LANTIRN targeting pods, laser guided munitions and conformal fuel tanks for long-range strike.
While Singapore initially bought as many as 70 F-16 planes, on November 18, 2004, it was announced that the RSAF would donate its remaining 7 F-16A/B's to the Royal Thai Air Force. It is believed that these early Block 15OCU aircraft were upgraded to "Falcon One" standard by ST Aerospace before the transfer and delivered in late 2005. In return, the RSAF was permitted to train at the Udon Royal Thai Air Force Base in north-east Thailand for a specified number of days each year. This would mean that the RSAF will operate only the Block 52/52+ model, as many as 62 F-16CJ/DJ planes.
Due to severe airspace constraints within Singapore, the RSAF operates its aircraft at several overseas locations in order to provide greater exposure to its pilots. With the F-16C/D Fighting Falcons, KC-135R Stratotankers, AH-64D Apaches and CH-47SD Chinook helicopters based in the USA, the Marchetti S-211s, PC-21s, and Super Puma helicopters in Australia, and the TA-4SU Super Skyhawks in France, almost one third of the force's inventory is based outside Singapore.
In 1994, the RSAF commenced a modernisation program for its fleet of approximately 49 operational (R)F-5E and F-5F aircraft. The upgrade was performed by Singapore Technologies Aerospace (STAero) and the upgraded aircraft were designated (R)F-5S and F-5T respectively, operating from Paya Lebar Air Base. These upgraded F-5S/T, equipped with the Galileo Avionica's FIAR Grifo-F X-band Radar[13][14][15] are thought to be capable of firing the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile but to date, no actual live-firing has actually been reported. For in-flight refuelling, four KC-135Rs and four KC-130Bs are commissioned to support the fighter force of F-16C/Ds and (R)F-5S/Ts.
Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) capability was introduced in 1987 when four E-2C Hawkeyes were delivered to 111 Squadron. The duty of Maritime Patrol and Coastal surveillance is performed by the five Fokker 50 MPA (entered service in 1991) of 121 Squadron, which can be armed with long-range anti-shipping AGM-84 Harpoon missiles and ASW torpedoes.
As part of its fleet renewal process, the RSAF officially withdrew its fleet of ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk from front-line service on March 31, 2005 after 31 years of operations. The A-4SUs' achievements included flying directly from Singapore to the Philippines, incorporating the RSAF's first air-to-air refuelling mission in 1986, as well as the excellent aerobatic display of the 'red and white' Super Skyhawks flown by the RSAF Black Knights during Asian Aerospace 1990.[16] A month before its retirement, the Skyhawk squadron won top honours in a strike exercise against its more modern F-16 and F-5 counterparts.
Singapore ordered a total of twenty AH-64D Apache Longbow attack helicopters in two batches. After a long period of negotiations over the delivery of the sophisticated Longbow Fire-control radar, the first batch of eight aircraft, fitted with the Fire Control Radar, was delivered on 17 May 2002.[17] The second batch of 12 Apaches were ordered in 2001 even before the first delivery took place.[18] All of the initial eight Apaches are based in the USA. Three of the Apache Longbows returned in January 2006 at the request of the Minister of Defence.
Apart from the six CH-47SDs delivered from 1996, a new batch of six aircraft was ordered in 1997, with an option of four extra airframes. At least 12 CH-47SD have been delivered and are in service at Sembawang Air Base. It is believed that these had been upgraded to the SD standard prior to delivery.
Eight CH-47SDs were also deployed to support the relief efforts in the aftermath of the Indonesian Tsunami. It was the first and one of the few countries to reach the affected areas. The RSAF deployed dozens of C-130Hs, CH-47SDs and AS 332Ms there along with three of the RSN's latest Landing Ship Tanks (RSS Endurance, RSS Persistence and RSS Endeavour of the Endurance class LST) as well as Singapore Armed Forces vehicles, engineers, and medical teams.
In September 2005, the RSAF sent three CH-47SD Chinook helicopters, later augmented by a fourth CH-47SD Chinook, to provide assistance in the rescue and evacuation of stranded civilians after Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans and nearby areas in the United States.[19] The humanitarian effort by Singapore involved more aircraft than any other foreign countries.[20]
Since 2003, the RSAF has also made deployments of KC-135 tankers and C-130 aircraft to the Persian Gulf in support of the multinational efforts for the reconstruction of Iraq. RSAF personnel have carried out airlift, transportation and supply, and air-to-air refueling missions in support of the multinational forces, assisting the Coalition in carrying supplies and personnel, transporting humanitarian material and conducting medical evacuation operations.[21][22]

Air Bases


An operational G550 CAEW of 111 Sqn on display at Singapore Airshow, 2010

An F-5S of 144 Sqn preparing for take-off.

An F-16C of 140 Sqn scrambling.

Demonstration of a M-113A2 Ultra Mechanised Igla IFU on deployment, visible in the background is an I-HAWK SAM launcher.

Exercise Forging Sabre 2009, an RSAF's IAI Searcher II UAV parked inside the hangar of Henry Post Army Airfield, USA.
  • Paya Lebar Air Base
    • 122 Sqn 6 C-130H (Transport), 4 KC-130B (Transport/Aerial refuelling)
    • 141 Sqn 6 F-5S (Interceptor), 1 F-5T (Training/Interceptor) - Disbanded since Nov 2005 with aircraft being reassigned to 144 and 149 Sqn.
    • 144 Sqn 15 F-5S (Interceptor), 7 F-5T (Training/Interceptor)
    • 149 Sqn 15 F-5S (Interceptor), 1 F-5T (Training/Interceptor); currently transitioning to the F-15SG (Strike), received 5 F-15SG to date.[23]
  • Tengah Air Base
    • 111 Sqn 4 E-2C Hawkeye (AEW & C); currently transitioning to G550 CAEWs
    • 140 Sqn 7 F-16C (Interceptor), 5 F-16D Blk 52 (Strike)
    • 142 Sqn 18 T/A-4SU Super Skyhawks (Fighter-bomber) - disbanded in 2004.
    • 143 Sqn 2 F-16C (Interceptor), 10 F-16D Blk 52 (Strike)
    • RSAF Black Knights - RSAF's aerobatic team.
  • Chong Pang Camp SADA (Singapore Air Defense Artillery)
    • 3rd DA RBS 70 SAM, IGLA SAM, Giraffe Radar
    • 6th DA RBS 70 SAM, IGLA SAM, Giraffe Radar
    • 9th DA RBS 70 SAM, IGLA SAM, Giraffe Radar
    • 18th DA Mistral SAM
    • 160 Sqn Oerlikon 35 mm AA Guns (Airfield defence)
  • Lim Chu Kang Camp II SADA (Singapore Air Defense Artillery)
    • 163 Sqn I-HAWK SAM (Medium altitude air defence)
    • 165 Sqn Rapier Blindfire SAM (Low altitude air defence)
  • Other assets of SADA (Singapore Air Defense Artillery)
    • 201 Sqn FPS 117 Radar (Fighter control, SAM control, Surveillance, ASP)
    • 203 Sqn LORADS Radar (RASP, SAR, "listening watch" for distress signals)
  • Murai Camp
    • 116 Sqn Hermes 450 (Reconnaissance)
    • 128 Sqn 40 IAI Searcher (Reconnaissance)

Personnel

Military ranks in the Singapore Armed Forces are identical across the three services except for the flag ranks of the RSN. They are based on the Army model. The official table of ranks stops at three stars for all three services.[24] NATO rank codes are not officially used, but are listed here for easy comparison with other armed forces.
Like the Navy, the majority of Air Force personnel are regulars. This is due to the specialized and technical nature of many jobs. The employment of National Servicemen in various roles are limited mostly to the infantry-like Field Defence Squadrons which do not require such specialised training.

Overseas detachments (Training)

2004, TA-4SU (933) on the flightline of Cazaux Air Base
6 June 2010, a pair of A-4SU Super Skyhawks (serials 938 & 909) on static display during an air show at the Istres Air Base

Super Skyhawks in France

The RSAF Flying Training School at RAAF Base Pearce.
  • Redmond Taylor AHP - Grand Prairie AASF (Grand Prairie, Texas)
    • 149th AVN, 6 × CH-47SD (Peace Prairie CH-47 Training)[27]
  • Silverbell Army Heliport (USA)
    • E/1-285th AVN, 8 × AH-64D (Peace Vanguard AH-64D Training)[32]

Future plans

The F-15SG Strike Eagle is a variant of the F-15E Strike Eagle and is similar in configuration to the F-15K sold to South Korea, but differs in the addition of the APG-63(V)3 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar developed by Raytheon. The F-15SG will be powered by two General Electric F110-GE-129 29,400 lbf (131 kN) thrust engines.
In February 2003, Singapore joined the JSF program's System Design and Development (SDD) Phase, as a Security Co-operation Participant (SCP).[33][34] The first deliveries of the F-35 are not expected before 2015, but replacement for some of the ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawks was needed by 2007. As a start, 20 F-16D Block 52+ have been delivered from 2003 under project Peace Carvin IV.
The RSAF embarked on its Next Generation Fighter (NGF) programme to replace the aging A-4SU Super Skyhawks. The original list of competitors was shortlisted to the final two - Dassault Rafale and the F-15SG Strike Eagle. The DSTA (Defense Science & Technology Agency) conducted detailed technical assessment, simulations and other tests to assess the final selection. On 6 September 2005, it was announced that the Boeing F-15SG Strike Eagle had won the contract over the Rafale.[35]

A Singapore Peace Triton S-70B being guided by a member of the RSN on the flight line of Naval Air Station North Island.
The initial order is for 12 aircraft with 8 options. Eventually, as many as 40 to 60 aircraft may be procured in several batches. Pending news on Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning II's progress, more F-15SGs may be bought, with the upper limit, as disclosed by the RSAF, being 80 F-15SG aircraft in total. On 22 October 2007, Singapore's Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) exercised the option to purchase eight more F-15SG fighters as part of the original contract signed in 2005. Along with this buy, an additional order for four F-15SGs was made, bringing the total number of F-15SGs purchased to 24.
In January 2005, it was announced that 6 Sikorsky S-70B (derivative of SH-60 Seahawk) naval helicopters will be purchased, complete with anti-surface and anti-submarine weapons and sensors.[36] These will be operated by RSAF pilots, with System Specialists of the Republic of Singapore Navy operating the sensors and weaponry. They will operate from the Navy's new Formidable class frigates, and when operating from land will be based at Sembawang Air Base. All 20 AH-64D Longbow attack helicopters have been delivered, achieving pilot IOC. 12 of these Longbow Apaches were deployed back to Singapore and took part in combined arms exercises with the Army.
In April 2007, it was announced that the 4 E-2C Hawkeyes were to be replaced with 4 Gulfstream G550s which would become the primary airborne early warning aircraft for the RSAF.[37][38] Not included in the deal is an additional G550 as an AEW trainer, which will be acquired and maintained by ST Aerospace on behalf of RSAF.[39]

Test flight of an RSAF Pilatus PC-21 in 2008, © MINDEF
In July 2010, the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master was selected by the RSAF to replace the A-4SU Super Skyhawks in the Advanced Jet Training (AJT) role, currently based at BA 120 Cazaux Air Base in France.[40][41] And in a press release by the Singaporean Ministry of Defence on 28 September 2008, ST Aerospace had been awarded the contract to acquire twelve M-346 and a ground based training system on behalf of RSAF. As stipulated in the contract, ST Aerospace will act as the main contractor to maintain the aircraft after delivery by Alenia Aermacchi while Boeing would supply the training system. Delivery date is scheduled from 2012 onwards.[42][43][44]
The backbone of the transport fleet are the four KC-130B, one KC-130H and five C-130H Hercules transport aircraft, which are expected to remain in service through 2030, will be undergoing an extensive modernisation process to bring all ten existing airframe to the same common standard. The first airframe, a KC-130B, was returned to frontline service on 21 September 2010. ST Aerospace, the main contractor behind the project, is expected to upgrade the other nine airframes for the RSAF within the next seven years. Included in the package is the replacement of cockpit flight management system with a modern glass cockpit avionics suite, central engine displays to replace analogue gauges, improved voice communications, digital autopilot, flight director as well as a digital weather radar, which will make the aircraft Global Air Traffic Management-compliant. Also, the C-130Bs will receive an auxiliary power unit and environmental control system in common with the C-130Hs. Once the upgrade is completed, this will effectively give the RSAF five refueller KC-130Hs and five Cargo C-130Hs.[45][46]
In December 2010, the RSAF issued a letter of request to inspect stored ex-US Navy P-3C Orion aircraft that have been retired from active duty. Lockheed Martin believes the RSAF has a requirement of 4 to 5 of these aircraft, which would be modernized extensively before reintroduction into active service.[47]

[edit] Weaponry


A fully bombed-up F-16D+ of 145 Sqn on static display during RSAF Open House 2008.

Rear view of the same aircraft.

1988, a GIRAFFE S 3D radar on display at Paya Lebar Air Base.
Type Country of Origin Role Quantity Program
Air-to-Air Missiles



AIM-9J/P/S Sidewinder  United States SRAAM 200/264/96[48] AIM-9S: Peace Carvin II
AIM-9X Sidewinder  United States SRAAM 200[48] Peace Carvin V
AIM-120C5/C7 AMRAAM  United States BVRAAM 200[48] Peace Carvin V
AIM-7M Sparrow  United States MRAAM 70[48] Peace Carvin II
Python-4  Israel AAM 600[48] ?
Derby[49]  Israel BVRAAM ? ?
Air-to-Surface Missiles/Rockets/Bombs



GBU-10/GBU-12/GBU-16 Paveway II  United States Laser-Guided Bomb 28/56/?[48] Peace Carvin IV
GBU-31(V)1/B JDAM  United States GPS/INS Guided Bomb 100 ?
GBU-38/B JDAM  United States GPS/INS Guided Bomb 50[48] Peace Carvin V
GBU-54/B JDAM  United States GPS/INS/Laser-Guided Bomb 670 ?
AGM-65B/D/G Maverick  United States Air-to-Ground Missile 248[48] ?
BGM-71B TOW  United States Air-to-Ground Missile 200[48] ?
AGM-114L Longbow Hellfire  United States Air-to-Ground Missile 192[48] Peace Vanguard
AGM-154A-1/C JSOW  United States Air-to-Ground Missile 60[48] Peace Carvin V
AGM-84 Harpoon  United States Anti-Ship Missile 44[48] ?
CRV7  Canada 70mm Rocket ? ?
Hydra 70 (APKWS)  United States 70mm Rocket 9,120 Peace Vanguard
SNEB  France 68mm Rocket ? ?
Zuni  United States 127mm Rocket ? ?
Mk 82/Mk83/Mk84  United States (500/1000/2000 pound) General Purpose Bombs ? ?
Surface-to-Air Missiles/Air Defense Artillery/Radar



MIM-23B I-Hawk  United States SAM 12 launchers + 500 missiles[48] ?
Mistral  France SAM - MANPADS 500 missiles[48] ?
Rapier Mk II  United Kingdom SAM 12 launchers + 500 missiles[48] ?
9K38 Igla[50]  Russia SAM - MANPADS 30 launchers + 440 missiles[48] ?
Mechanised Igla[51]  Singapore Mobile SAM (SHORAD) 30 ?
RBS 70  Sweden SAM - MANPADS 25 launchers + 500 missiles[48] ?
Cadillac Gage V-200 RBS 70  Singapore Mobile SAM (SHORAD) 25 ?
Rafael SPYDER[49]  Israel Mobile SAM (SHORAD) ? ?
Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon  Switzerland AA Gun 34× GDF-001 + 24× GDF-002[48] ?
Lockheed Martin AN/FPS-117[52]  United States Phased array 3-D Air Search Radar 1[48] ?
Lockheed Martin P-STAR[52]  United States Portable Search & Target Acquisition Radar ? ?
Ericsson GIRAFFE-S / GIRAFFE-AMB)[53]  Sweden Mobile Air Defense Radar 4/2[48] ?

[edit] Aircraft

[edit] Current

Type Country of Origin Role Quantity Program
Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft

143
Boeing F-15SG Strike Eagle  United States Air superority/Strike 24 Peace Carvin V
Lockheed Martin F-16C Block 52 Fighting Falcon  United States Interceptor 22 Peace Carvin II[54]
Lockheed Martin F-16D Block 52 Fighting Falcon  United States Strike 20 Peace Carvin[54]
Lockheed Martin F-16D Block 52+ Fighting Falcon  United States Strike 20 Peace Carvin[54]
Lockheed Martin F-16D Block 52 Fighting Falcon  United States Interceptor/Strike 12 CONUS[54]
Northrop F-5S Tiger II  United States Interceptor 32 ?
Northrop F-5T Tiger II  United States Interceptor/Trainer 9 ?
Northrop RF-5S Tigereye  United States Reconnaissance/Interceptor 8 ?
Helicopters

80
CH-47SD Chinook  United States Heavy Transport 20 Peace Prairie
Eurocopter AS-332M Super Puma  France Medium transport/Search And Rescue 22 ?
Eurocopter AS-532UL Cougar  France Medium Transport 12 ?
Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow  United States Attack 20 Peace Vanguard
Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk  United States ASW/ASuW 6 (o/o) Peace Triton
Transport/Aerial Refuelling Aircraft

18
Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker  United States Aerial Refuelling/Transport 4 Peace Guardian
Lockheed C-130H Hercules  United States Heavy Transport 5 ?
Lockheed KC-130B/H  United States Aerial Refuelling/Transport 5 ?
Fokker 50UTL  Netherlands Medium Transport/VIP 4 ?
Support Aircraft

13
Northrop Grumman E-2C Hawkeye  United States AEW & C 4 ?
Fokker F50ME2  Netherlands Maritime Patrol 5 ?
Gulfstream G550 with the EL/M-2075 Phalcon AESA AEW radar.  United States /  Israel AEW & C 4 (o/o) ?
Trainer Aircraft

54
Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master  Italy Advanced/Lead-in Jet Trainer 12 (o/o) ?
Pilatus PC-21  Switzerland Basic Trainer 19 ?
ST Aerospace A-4SU/TA-4SU Super Skyhawk  Singapore Advanced/Lead-in Jet Trainer[55] 4/7[56] ?
Eurocopter EC120 Colibri  France /  Singapore /  China Trainer 5 total 10 ordered
UAV

45
Elbit Hermes 450 UAV  Israel Reconnaissance 5[48] ?
IAI Heron  Israel Reconnaissance ? ?
IAI Searcher  Israel Reconnaissance 40[48] ?
IAI Scout  Israel Reconnaissance 60[48] in reserves

[edit] Historic

[edit] Fixed-wing aircraft


A retired 140 Sqn Hawker Hunter FGA.74S - serial number 527 (ex-RAF XF458), parked outside the RSAF Museum. Note also the number of hardpoints and the ADEN gun ports which had been faired over to protect this museum piece against the weather.
  • United Kingdom Hawker Hunter — 12× FGA.74, 26× FR.74A/B, and 8× T.75/A (excluding one T.75A which was lost in accident before delivery) were delivered to RSAF in 1970 and 1973. Upgraded in late 1970s by Lockheed Aircraft Services Singapore (LASS), the type was redesignated as FGA.74S, FR.74S and T.75S. Retired and phased out of service in 1992, only 4 were preserved as museum exhibits and gate guards while the remaining 21 airworthy airframes was sold to an Australian Warbird broker, Pacific Hunter Aviation Pty, in 1995.[57][58]
  • United States General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon — 4× F-16As and 4× F-16Bs delivered in 1988 under the Peace Carvin I program, one F-16A was lost following a mid-air collision with another F-16A over South China Sea in 1990. All surviving airframes were retired in 2002 and was subsequently upgraded locally to "Falcon One" standard by ST Aerospace before being transferred to Royal Thai Air Force in 2004.[48][54]
  • United Kingdom Short SC.7 Skyvan — 6× Skyvan 3Ms delivered in 1973 and retired in 1993.[48]
  • United Kingdom BAC Jet Provost — 5× T.52s (ex-South Yemen Air Force airframe) operated from the 1975 until 1980.[48][59][60]
  • United Kingdom BAC Strikemaster — total 25 received (16× Mk.84s delivered in 1969 from UK plus 4× Mk.81s from South Yemen in 1975 and another 5× Mk.82s from Oman in 1977), all were retired in 1984 with one airframe preserved at the RSAF Museum while the remaining 13 airworthy airframes were sold to a Warbird broker.[48][61]
  • United States Cessna 172 — 8× F172Ks delivered in 1969, retired in 1972.[48]
  • United States Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star — 20× T-33As (ex-French Air Force airframes), operated from 1980 until retired in 1985.[48]
  • Italy SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 — 14× SF.260Ms delivered in 1971 plus 12× SF.260Ws delivered in 1979 and 1981. All remaining 19 airworthy airframes retired in 2002 and transferred to the Indonesian Air Force.[48][62]
  • Italy SIAI-Marchetti S.211 — Since 1984, 32× S.211s were acquired for RSAF's Basic Jet Training (BJT) program (this figure includes 24 airframes which were assembled locally by Singapore Aircraft Industries plus two former Haitian aircraft acquired as attrition replacements in 1994). Phased out from June 2008, of the remaining 25 airworthy S.211s, 21 were sold off to International Air Parts (IAP) Group Australia Pty Ltd in 2009 while 4 were shipped back to Singapore, being preserved as museum exhibits.[48][63]

[edit] Rotary-wing aircraft


A retired 120 Sqn Alouette III (SA316B) on static display at the RSAF Museum.

Air-defence

Others

RSAF Black Knights

First formed in 1973 at Tengah Air Base, the Black Knights is RSAF's official aerobatic team and has been performing on an ad-hoc basis since its inception with volunteer pilots drawn from various front line squadrons within the RSAF.[16]


The RSAF Museum
The RSAF maintains the Air Force Museum, which was first located at Changi Air Base before it was relocated to a purpose-built building currently situated along Airport Road adjacent to Paya Lebar Air Base. The museum is open to the public and showcases the air force's history and capabilities.

In popular culture

Fictional Television programs

See also

sumber : WIKIPEDIA