Korps Marinir Korsel Bersiaga di Perbatasan

02 Desember 2010 -- Kendaraan amfibi Korps Marinir Korsel terlihat digunakan di Pulau Baegnyeong dekat perbatasan maritim bagian Barat dua Korea, Rabu (1/12). Korsel merencanakan melakukan latihan militer lagi setelah kapal perang AS meninggalkan Korsel, Rabu (1/12) diberitkan kantor berita Yonhap. Pergerakan ini sepertinya menambah ketegangan di semenanjung yang terbelah dua setelah serangan artileri Korut. (Foto: Reuters)

Marinir Korsel menggunakan truk patroli melewati checkpoint di Pulau Yeonpyeong, Rabu (1/12). (Foto: Reuters)

Prajurit Korsel mengangkat bagian system rudal permukaan-ke-permukaan K-SAM, sesaat tiba di pelabuhan Pulau Yeonpyeong, Rabu (1/12). (Foto: Reuters)

Berita HanKam

Belanja Pegawai Kementerian Pertahanan dan TNI Menurun

Pemerintah berencana menambah armada jet tempur F-16, belum ditentukan membeli baru 6 F-16C/D atau menguprade hibah 24 F-16A/B, biaya upgrade dibayar RI. (Foto: USAF)

02 Desember 2010, Jakarta -- Belanja pegawai Kementerian Pertahanan dan TNI tahun depan dipastikan menurun dibandingkan tahun ini. Jika tahun ini belanja pegawai mencapai 50,1 persen dari total anggaran, maka tahun depan akan menurun menjadi 47,55 persen.

"Jumlah pegawai relatif tetap. Dialihkan ke belanja modal dan barang," kata Direktur Jenderal Rencana Pertahanan Kementerian Pertahanan, Marsekal Muda TNI BS Silaen, Rabu (1/12).

Rencana kebutuhan anggaran Kementerian Pertahanan untuk tahun 2010-2029 sebesar 1,8-2,1 persen dari produk domestik bruto (PDB) masyarakat Indonesia. Anggaran tersebut diperoleh dalam bentuk rupiah murni, pinjaman luar negeri, pinjaman dalam negeri, dan kredit ekspor.

Silaen mengatakan, ketersediaan anggaran kementerian tahun 2010-2014 sendiri mencapai Rp 279,8 triliun. Sebanyak Rp 62,5 triliun di antaranya berasal dari pinjaman luar negeri dan kredit ekspor. "Sebanyak Rp 99 triliun akan digunakan untuk pembelian alutsista," ujarnya.

Berdasarkan data yang dihimpun The Military Balance 2009 oleh IISS, jumlah penduduk dan pendapatan domestik bruto (PDB) Indonesia menduduki peringkat satu di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Sayang sekali, dalam anggaran pertahanan negara, Indonesia menempati nomor 6. "Singapura menduduki peringkat pertama di Asia Tenggara," kata Silaen.

TEMPO Interaktif

Daewoo Memasok Kendaraan Lapis Baja Dan Kapal Selam Ke Indonesia

Kendaraan Lapis Baja K-21 Buatan Doosan

Theindonesiatoday.com - Daewoo International menandatangani kontrak dengan Departemen Pertahanan Indonesia untuk kendaraan lapis baja ringan 6 x 6 untuk TNI senilai $ 700jt, Zacks.com melaporkan. Doosan akan memproduksi pada waktu musim panas.

Secara terpisah, Daewoo International juga setuju menandatangani kontrak senilai $ 800jt Jenis kapal selam U-209 untuk TNI AL dan $ 400 juta untuk pembelian pesawat latih bagi Angkatan Udara Indonesia. Sebelumnya, Daewoo International diakuisisi oleh POSCO pada bulan September 2010, sebesar 3,37 triliun won. Harga beli 2,5% lebih rendah dari tawaran asli dari 3,46 miliar won oleh POSCO. POSCO, melalui akuisisi, yang ditujukan untuk memastikan pengadaan bahan baku agar stabil dan memperkuat kehadirannya di pasar luar negeri. Kontrak kemungkinan untuk meningkatkan peluang ekspor untuk kendaraan lapis baja ringan oleh POSCO internasional, terutama di Asia dan Amerika Latin.

Sumber: The Indonesia Today / MIK

Malaysia to Buy Pilatus PC-7 Mk IIs After 2011

01 Desember 2010

RMAF's Pilatus PC-7 trainer aircraft (photo : Airliners)
Malaysia to buy 12 more Pilatus PC-7 Mk IIs
Malaysia is likely to buy 12 additional Pilatus PC-7 Mk II primary trainers and could sell its early-model PC-7s to the Philippines.
A first batch of new PC-7 Mk IIs will probably be purchased after April 2011, when the country's new five-year budget - the Tenth Malaysia Plan - will come into effect, says an industry source.

"The problem with the current five-year plan is that most of the defence money was spent on armoured personnel carriers," says the source. "The air force definitely has a need for 12 PC-7 Mk IIs, but a decision is not likely until after April 2011." The service will split its planned purchase between two batches, the source says.

In April Malaysia decided to acquire 257 armoured personnel carriers for around $2.5 billion, according to media reports.

The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates 17 PC-7 Mk IIs out of an original fleet of 19 purchased in 2005, with two having been lost in accidents. It also has 31 early-model PC-7s that were acquired in the 1980s.

The source says the older aircraft could be refurbished and sold to the Philippine air force. The Philippines recently took delivery of four Alenia Aermacchi SF-260F primary trainers, with 14 more to follow in early 2011. It also has 25 older model SF-260s and six S-211 trainers, says Flightglobal's MiliCAS database.

The shortage of primary trainers in the Philippines has resulted in a training backlog of between 150 and 170 pilots.
(Flight International)

Asia’s Attack Helicopter Programmes

Indonesia’s Mil Mi-35 (photo : Kaksus Militer)

The use of attack helicopters in Asia is not a new phenomenon, and several nations have had such a capability for many years. Indeed at least two countries, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have recently used them operationally and, in the case of the former, these operations are ongoing.

However several countries in the wider Asia-Pacific region have embarked on ambitious acquisition program mes and others are developing their own capabilities in-house. Not all are progressing smoothly, with some beset by technical and sustainability problems and - in more than one case - byzantine procurement processes.

Other nations, such as the Philippines, are strapped for cash and cannot afford such complex weapons platforms as the Boeing AH-64D Apache, Eurocopter Tiger, AgustaWestland A129 Mangusta or Russia's Mil Mi-28 Havoc and Kamov Ka-50/52 Alligator and are looking to a light attack helicopters such as Boeings AH-6i.

The potential for further sales in the region remains strong, with countries either looking to upgrade from earlier generation platforms or as in the case of Malaysia, acquire the capability for the first time. Manufacturers see the Asia-Pacific region as a growth market and there is a potential requirement for over 300 attack helicopters over the next few years.

Current Status

Philippine's Boeing MD-530/OH-6 (photo : Aero Image)

Bell's AH-1 Cobra has been service in Asia for many years, beginning with the Japan Ground Self Defence Force (JGSDF) which acquired 90 AH-1Js between 1979 and 1986. Built under licence in Japan by Fuji Heavy Industries, many were subsequently upgraded to AH-1S standard. Today they are being replaced by Fuji-built Apache Longbows.

South Korea and Taiwan also have substantial Cobra fleets that are due for replacement, but it is Pakistan which is arguably the most active operator of the type. Deliveries of refurbished US Army AH-1Fs began in 1986 and a further eight were also recently delivered from US stocks, bringing the total 34. Pakistani Cobras have been in action against Taliban insurgents in the rugged Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Western Pakistan since 2002 and the action continues to this day.

Similarly, Sri Lanka's Mil Mi-24V/Mi-35M Hinds saw action against Tamil Tigers in the Eeelam Wars, which finally resulted in the defeat of the latter in 2009. India also has a number of Soviet-era Hind gunships listed on their books, but domestic media reports suggest the type is not operationally effective above 9000 feet, rendering them only of limited use in the disputed Kashmir region This is one of the main reasons why India wishes to introduce a dedicated attack helicopter in the near future and has most recently released Requests For Proposal (RFP) for 22 aircraft. Indonesia is also purchasing Hinds, and took delivery of six Mi-35Vs in 2008, adding to two aircraft acquired in 2003.

Singapore’s Boeing AH-64D Apache (photo : Cyberpioneer)

Finally Singapore is a recent addition to the attack helicopter club, with the acquisition of 20 advanced AH-64D Apache Longbows from 2002, under the 'Peace Vanguard' programme. Singapore worked its Apaches up in the United States for four years, before their arrival finally in the city state in June 2006. Alongside the Japanese Apaches, Singapore has arguably the most sophisticated and network-capable attack helicopter in Asia.

Acquisition and Development Projects

Slightly further afield, Australia is grappling with the task of introducing its 22 Eurocopter Tiger Armed Reconnaissance Helicopters (ARH) into operational service. To date 13 out of 22 have been delivered, but the type is still on the road to operational use, some six years after the first two helicopters were delivered.
Australia's Tigers are based upon the French Helicoptère d'Appui Protection (HAP), which is currently deployed with notable success in Afghanistan. However the ARH programme has been beset by a disappointing rate of effort in its early days of service, with Army sources blaming the delays to the French and German programmes, which in turn have slowed initial training. In addition, some sustainment issues have emerged which have hampered the flying rate. When fully operational, Australia will have two reconnaissance squadrons of Tigers.

Australia’s Eurocopter Tiger ARH (photo : Australian DoD)Tiger ARH differs from the French HAP variant mainly in the weapons system, being capable of firing the Lockheed Martin AGM-114 Hellfire and the Australian Army says the helicopter should be operationally deployable by the fourth quarter of 2011.

China has been developing its own attack helicopter for several years now although most of the details have been shrouded in secrecy. Western observers report that it is being developed by Changhe Aircraft Industries Group in collaboration with industry and known as the Z-10.

The helicopter, which began test flying back in 2003, is reported to have a primary anti-tank role and will use a millimetre-wave fire control radar and helmet-mounted sight to control the weapons, which include guided anti-tank missiles and cannon. Initially to be powered by a version of the PT-6C turboshaft engine, reports emerging from the 2010.

Singapore Airshow suggest that this has now been replaced by an indigenous engine. Chinese sources predicted an in-service date of 2009 but there is no evidence available in the west to suggest this has actually occurred.

China currently operates an armed version of the Z-9 helicopter, which itself is a locally- developed version of the Eurocopter Dauphin.

Thailand's Bell AH-1 Cobra (photo : Militaryphotos)
India's quest to acquire an attack helicopter capability has been tortuous to date and at the time of writing, the future of the programme is still unclear. As noted earlier, the country wishes to replace its now elderly Hind fleet with a modern type, and the geography of the country has produced a unique set of very demanding requirements.

An initial RFP was released in May 2007, with contenders reported to be the AgustaWestland AW-129 Mangusta, Bell AH-1Z Cobra, Boeing AH-64D Apache, Eurocopter Tiger and Mil Mi-28N NightHunter. Bell and Boeing withdrew their bids later that year, for different reasons: Bell could reportedly only offer the AH-1Z through a Foreign Military Sales program me which would (then) have precluded stipulated offsets and Boeing because it could not get an eight-week extension to the August deadline. The Indian Government stipulated an in-service date of May 2011 on the project, but later cancelled the RFP in March 2009, saying that three of the remaining companies in the competition, "could not meet qualitative requirements".

Two months later the RFP was again released to industry and Indian press reports suggested that this time Eurocopter and AgustaWestland withdrew bids, leaving the Russians and Americans to slug it out. Certainly trials have been carried out in Rajasthan and Kahsmir and Boeing has confirmed its Apache is still in the race. Eurocopter is also still hopeful of selling Tiger in India, despite press reports, saying as recently as October that it considers India a possible market.

As noted earlier, Japan is acquiring the Apache Longbow and is currently undertaking construction of the majority of its 50 helicopter order at Fuji Heavy Industries at Utsunomiya. The Apache beat Bells AH-1Z in the competition, known locally as the AH-X, and the decision was announced the victor in 2001. Known as the AH-64DJP, Japan's first aircraft was handed over at Boeing's Mesa Arizona facility in December 2005, before being shipped to Japan. It was ultimately delivered to the JGSDF in March 2006. The first aircraft was also the first Apache to be delivered with the capability to launch the AIM-92 Air to Air version of Raytheon's Stinger missile.

Malaysia has also linked to the Turkish T.129 programme (photo : FlightGlobal)

Malaysia is a potential customer for attack helicopters, having recently begun modernising its Army Aviation force (Tentera Darat Malaysia) with the acquisition of the AgustaWestland A109LOH. As far back as 2005 (then) Deputy Prime Minister Najib was predicting Malaysia would one day own an attack helicopter, but the defence budget has been under strain in recent years and no formal competition exists at this point in time. Eurocopter has long considered Malaysia as a potential Tiger customer, but the country has also been linked to the Turkish T.129 programme (a derivative of the AW.129 developed by Aselsan and TAI in conjunction with AgustaWestland), as has Pakistan.

The defence budget of the Philippines cannot afford 'high end' attack helicopters such as Apache, Cobra or Tiger, so it is reportedly very interested in the light attack helicopter, designed specifically for work alongside Special Forces. Examples of this genre include Bell's OH-58D (and most recently the proposed OH-58F) Kiowa Warrior and Boeing's AH¬6i.Little Bird. Boeing displayed the AH-6i at this years' Singapore Airshow and revealed that it had held talks with both the Philippines and Singapore, who were interested in setting up a Special-Forces aviation support capability.

South Korea is perhaps the most lucrative market in the foreseeable future, though it revised its Korean Multi-Role Helicopter (KMH) program me in 2005 to concentrate on a military utility helicopter with assistance from Eurocopter, known as the Korean Helicopter Programme (KHP). The country has a requirement for around 270 light- medium attack helicopters to replace its existing MD-500 and a two-year study to define the Korean Attack Helicopter (KAH) is currently underway. Both Eurocopter and AgustaWestland have expressed their interest in working with South Korea on the programme, which is planned around a 2018 in-service date.

In addition, its AH-X project has been developed to provide a heavy attack helicopter capability to replace the AH-1S Cobra fleet. The purchase of 36 refurbished AH-64D Block I Apaches for upgrade to the latest Block III standard has been widely reported, but this is very much an on again-off again proposition, and once again Eurocopter (at least) considers the country a potential Tiger customer.

Taiwan is also looking to replace or upgrade its ageing Cobra fleet and has attempted to acquire the Apache on several occasions; however political sensitivities seem to have hindered this process. Most recently, the US Defense Security Co-operation Agency (DSCA) advised Congress of a possible sale in October 2008, but it is not known if this will be consummated.

With all this activity, attack helicopter salesmen are waiting in the wings, with order books ready and pencils sharpened.

(Defence Review Asia)

Indonesia Antisipasi Perang Robotik

PUNA Srinti.

02 Desember 2010, Jakarta -- Mengikuti perkembangan teknologi yang ada dewasa ini, TNI memandang penting perkembangan teknologi alat utama sistem persenjataan robotik, seperti pesawat terbang tanpa awak, pesawat udara nirawak, unmanned aerial vehicle untuk udara, remotely-operated vehicle untuk darat, dan unmanned underwater vehicle untuk bawah air.

Kol Achmad Djamaludin yang mewakili Asisten Perencanaan Umum Panglima TNI menyampaikan hal itu dalam Lokakarya Komisi Teknis Pertahanan-Keamanan Dewan Riset Nasional (DRN) di Jakarta, Selasa (30/11).

Selain memang menjadi tren dalam peperangan, TNI pun merasakan adanya kebutuhan untuk memiliki peralatan jenis robotik, juga menguasai teknologi pendukungnya. Misalnya saja remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) untuk membantu pasukan infanteri dan pasukan khusus dalam perang kota atau unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) untuk patroli perbatasan dan pengarah bantuan tembakan.

Selain Kol Djamaludin, ikut tampil sebagai panelis Deputi Menteri Ristek Bidang Relevansi dan Produktivitas Iptek Teguh Rahardjo serta staf pengajar Institut Teknologi Bandung, Prof Muljowidodo. Teguh menjelaskan berbagai regulasi yang disiapkan pemerintah untuk mendukung kemandirian riset teknologi pertahanan robotik, sementara Muljowidodo menjelaskan aspek-aspek teknis yang ada pada alutsista robotik serta iptek apa saja yang dibutuhkan untuk menguasai pengembangan alutsista robotik.

Peneliti LIPI, Estiko, dalam komentarnya menegaskan pentingnya teknologi robotik yang, antara lain, dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pertahanan serta menghindari kematian manusia.

Meski mengakui banyak manfaatnya, upaya menguasai teknologi alutsista robotik masih terkendala oleh sejumlah faktor, misalnya belum sinkronnya program industri pengembang alutsista robotik dan kriteria pengguna. Sejumlah teknologi sensitif, seperti sensor, menurut Muljowidodo, juga masih belum kita kuasai. Di tengah situasi yang belum kondusif ini, sejumlah tenaga ahli di bidang alutsista robotik dikabarkan mendapat tawaran menarik di negara lain.

KOMPAS

Piala AFF Indonesia Hajar Malaysia 5-1

NUMPANG LEWAT YA.....

Rabu, 01/12/2010 21:26 WIB

Mohammad Resha Pratama - detiksport

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Detiksport/Resha Pratama

Jakarta - Indonesia membuka Suzuki AFF Cup 2010 dengan meyakinkan. Menghadapi Malaysia, skuad arahan Alfred Riedl itu menang telak 5-1.

Riedl tak memasang Bambang Pamungkas sebagai starter, sebagai gantinya ia menduetkan Cristian Gonzales dengan Irfan Bachdim di lini depan. Pilihan ini terbukti jitu karena Cristian terbukti mampu memenangi duel bola dengan bek Malaysia, sementara pergerakan Irfan begitu liat.

Satu nama lagi yang pantas mendapatkan pujian adalah Oktavianus Maniani. Okto mampu melakukan tusukan dari sayap kiri dengan baik dan nyaris terus berlari sepanjang pertandingan.

Hasilnya lima gol pun bersarang di jala Malaysia. Cristian dan Irfan sama-sama menciptakan satu gol, sementara tiga lainnya disumbangkan M. Ridwan, Arief Suyono dan gol bunuh diri Mohamad Asrarudin.

Berkat kemenangan ini, Indonesia memimpin klasemen sementara Grup A dengan nilai 3. Posisi dua dan tiga ditempati oleh Thailand dan Laos yang sama-sama mengoleksi nilai satu.

Jalannya Pertandingan

Pada pertandingan yang berlangsung di Stadion Gelora Bung Karno, Rabu (1/12/2010) malam WIB, Indonesia langsung menekan sejak babak pertama dimulai. Namun Malaysia memberikan kejutan pada 'Tim Merah Putih'.

Sebuah umpan panjang dari lini belakang diterima oleh Mohamad Safee Bin Mohamad Ali di sisi kiri. Usai mengecoh Hamka Hamzah, ia melepaskan umpan kepada Norshahrul Idlan yang tak terkawal. Lewat satu sepakan kaki kanan, ia pun langsung melepaskan tendangan yang merobek jala Markus.

Namun, keunggulan Malaysia tak berlangsung lama. Pada menit 21, umpan Nasuha dari sisi kiri meluncur deras ke kotak penalti Malaysia. Ada Irfan Bachdim di sana, namun terkena kaki pemain Malaysia, Mohamad Asrarudin. Skor berubah 1-1.

Indonesia akhirnya berbalik unggul di menit 33 setelah bola di kaki pemain Malaysia direbut oleh Firman Utina. Firman pun langsung memberikan bola kepada Cristian, yang usai menggiring bola sejenak, melepaskan tendangan kaki kiri dari luar kotak penalti. Skor berubah menjadi 2-1.

Malaysia mencetak gol di menit 40! Namun dianulir oleh wasit. Mohamad Safee yang menanduk bola tepat di depan gawang Markus sudah lebih dulu terperangkap offside.

Indonesia yang terus menekan kembali mendapatkan peluang emas di menit 42. Irfan yang tengah berada di dalam kawalan pemain Malaysia, melepaskan tendangan keras kaki kanan dari luar kotak penalti.

Hasilnya? Bola hasil sepakan Irfan masih melebar di sisi kanan gawang Malaysia.

Indonesia memperbesar keunggulan beberapa menit setelah babak kedua dimulai. Umpan satu-dua antara M. Ridwan dan Ahmad Bustomi diselesaikan dengan baik oleh Riidwan.
Sepakannya dari dalam kotak penalti tak bisa dihalau kiper Malaysia, Mohamad Sharbinee.

Unggul dua gol membuat Indonesia terus menekan pertahanan Malaysia. Pada menit 58, sebuah kerjasama apik antara Okto Maniani dan Firman Utina diselesaikan Cristian Gonzales dengan sebuah sepakan kaki kiri.

Sial bagi Cristian, tendangannya bisa ditepis oleh Sharbinee. Bola muntah sempat diincar Irfan Bachdim, tapi penyerang bernomor 17 itu sudah lebih dulu terperangkap offside.

Satu peluang lagi diciptakan Indonesia pada menit 61. Sial bagi Indonesia, tendangan M. Nasuha dari sisi kiri lapangan masih menyamping tipis di sisi kanan gawang Malaysia.

Irfan memiliki kans bagus di menit 63. Ia melepaskan tendangan voli dari luar kotak penalti, tapi Sharbinee berhasil membloknya.

Okto Maniani benar-benar tampil brilian di sayap kiri Indonesia. Pada menit 74, pergerakannya di sisi lapangan dilanjutkan dengan operan matang kepada Cristian Gonzales. Nama terakhir, usai mempertahankan bola dari bek-bek Malaysia, mengirim operan kepada Irfan Bachdim di sisi kanan.

Irfan pun langsung melepaskan tendangan keras kaki kanan. namun masih bisa dihalau oleh Sharbinee.

Dua menit berselang, gol keempat Indonesia pun lahir. Berawal dari umpan lambung dari sisi kiri pertahanan Indonesia, bola yang jatuh di kaki bek Malaysia gagal dikuasai dengan baik. Arief Suyono dengan cepat menyambar bola tersebut.

Setelah mengontrol sejenak, Arief pun melepaskan tendangan kaki kanan yang keras dan membuat Sharbinee kembali memungut bola dari jalanya.

Irfan akhirnya mencatatkan diri ke dalam daftar pencetak gol dalam pertandingan ini pada menit 90. Gol kelima Indonesia ini diawali umpan silang Okto dari sisi kiri, dan disambar dengan baik oleh Irfan yang berada di tiang jauh. ( roz / a2s ) 

DETIK SPORT

ADMIN: ya tentunya kita boleh bangga kepada TIM NAS GARUDA KITA, bisa dilihat dari HANKAM RI sedang mempercepat modernisasi alutsista, di dunia olah raga juga Indonesia membenahi diri , Admin berharap kepada TIM NAS GARUDA KITA jangan puas begitu saja kalau bisa kita harus rebut piala AFF maju INDONESIA KU, bravoooooo

Kementrian Pertahanan dan TNI dapat Anggaran Rp 47,5 Triliun

01 Desember 2010, Jakarta -- Kementerian Pertahanan dan Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) mendapatkan alokasi anggaran Rp47,5 triliun atau sekitar 3,86 persen dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) 2011.

Dirjen Perencanaan Pertahanan Kementerian Pertahanan Marsekal Muda TNI Bonggas Silaen dalam pertemuan dengan pimpinan media massa di Jakarta, Rabu (1/12), mengatakan, jumlah tersebut sudah termasuk tambahan anggaran sebesar Rp2,4 miliar pada tahun anggaran 2010.

"Jumlah itu juga mengalami kenaikan dari APBN-P 2010 yakni sekitar 10,72 persen," katannya, menambahkan.

Bonggas mengemukakan, pada 2008 anggaran pertahanan Indonesia berada pada urutan keenam di antara negara-negara ASEAN lainnya.

Ia mengatakan, kenaikan anggaran itu akan difokuskan pada enam bidang yang menjadi prioritas pada rencana strategis pertahanan negara 2010-2014.

"Enam bidang yang menjadi prioritas itu adalah pengembangan kekuatan pokok minimum, industri pertahanan nasional, pencegahan kejahatan di laut, meningkatkan rasa aman, modernisasi keamanan nasional dan peningkatan kualitas kebijakan keamanan nasional," kata Bonggas.

Sedangkan fokus pengembangan pertahanan negara adalah peningkatan profesionalitas personel, modernisasi alat utama sistem senjata, percepatan pembentukan komponen cadangan dan komponen pendukung serta keamanan wilayah perbatasan dan pulau terdepan.

MI.com